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International Journal of Bipolar Disorders

Table 5 Associations of demographic, clinical and treatment characteristics with lifetime psychotic feature status according to two fully adjusted models

From: Psychotic features, particularly mood incongruence, as a hallmark of severity of bipolar I disorder

 

Model 1a

Psychotic versus Non-psychotic BD I

(n = 155)

Model 2a

Mood-incongruent versus Mood-congruent BD I

(n = 70)

 

OR (95% C.I)b

p

OR (95% C.I)b

p

Age

0.56 (0.4–0.8)

0.007

–

 

Swiss nationality

0.45 (0.2; 1.1)

0.119

–

 

Married vs other

–

 

3.55 (0.95; 15.7)

0.073

SESc

1.0 (0.7; 1.4)

0.991

–

 

Current professional activity

0.48 (0.2; 1.0)

0.064

–

 

Number of manic symptoms

1.3 (1.0; 1.8)

0.106

0.77 (0.4–1.4)

0.373

Auditory hallucinations

–

 

1.38 (0.3; 6.9)

0.695

Somatic hallucinations

–

 

3.34 (0.3; 43.5)

0.312

Olfactory hallucinations

–

 

2.03 (0.2; 24.7)

0.537

Visual Hallucinations

–

 

3.30 (0.8; 17.0)

0.127

Number of mixed episodes

–

 

0.74 (0.4; 1.4)

0.308

Length of manic episodes

–

 

0.61 (0.2–1.6)

0.343

Suicide attempts

–

 

4.1 (1.0; 21.3)

0.072

Lifetime GAF

–

 

1.24 (0.4; 3.6)

0.687

Current GAF

0.92 (0.6; 1.4)

0.698

0.64 (0.2; 1.7)

0.377

Worst GAF

0.66 (0.4; 1.0)

0.07

0.41 (0.2; 0.9)

0.029

Generalized anxiety disorder

–

 

1.53 (0.0; 117.9)

0.830

Agoraphobia

0.17 (0.0; 0.7)

0.014

–

 

Alcohol abuse

3.32 (1.1; 11.1)

0.047

–

 

Cannabis dependence

–

 

1.17 (0.1; 13.2)

0.898

Consultation for most severe or most recent manic or mixed episode

0.94 (0.2; 4.4)

0.932

–

 

Any medication for most severe or most recent manic or mixed episode

2.56 (0.6; 11.2)

0.196

–

 

Any medication for most severe or most recent depressive episode

–

 

0.58 (0.1–2.6)

0.489

Lifetime lithium monotherapy

0.63 (0.2; 2.1)

0.463

  

Number of psychiatric hospitalizations

1.19 (1.0; 1.5)

0.063

1.15 (0.9; 1.6)

0.353

  1. Statistically significant values are indicated in bold
  2. BD I bipolar I disorder, p p-value, GAF Global Assessment of Functioning scores
  3. aOnly patients with complete data for all assessed variables were kept in the final models
  4. bOdd’s ratio and 95% Confidence Intervals, models include variables associated with psychotic feature status according to the previous analyses using the significance level of p < 0.1
  5. cSocio-economic status according to the Hollingshead scale
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