Table 1 Descriptive characteristics for included study samples
Authors, year | Study design | Diagnosis | Mood state | Symptom scales | Intervention group | Control group | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Included | Excluded | N (enrolled) | Sex (M/F) | Age | N (enrolled) | Sex (M/F) | Age | ||||
Goldstein et al. 2007 | Single arm (Pilot open trial) | BD1: 7 BD2: 2 NOS: 1 | – | Manic, depressed, mixed (past 3 months) | K-SADS-DRS K-SADS-MRS | 10 | 2/8 | 15.8 (1.5) | – | – | – |
Goldstein et al. 2015 | RCT (Pilot, unblinded, 2:1) | BD1: 3 BD2: 8 NOS: 9 | – | Manic depressed, mixed (past 3 months) | K-SADS-DRS K-SADS-MRS | 14 | 3/11 | 15.82 (2.1) | 6 | 2/4 | 16.83 (1.4) |
VanDijk et al. 2013 Main study | RCT (Pilot) | BD1: 10 BD2: 14 | Euthymic, depressed, hypomanic | – | BDI-II | 12 | 3/9 | 40.2 (12.8) | 12 | 3/9 | 41.6 (7.1) |
Secondary analysis | Single arm | – | – | – | BDI-II | 75 | – | – | – | – | – |
Afshari et al. 2020 | RCT (Pilot, open) | BD1: 18 BD2: 42 | N.R | Manic | BDI-II YMRS | 30 | 14/16 | 36.00 (6.00) | 30 | 12/18 | 37.00 (6.00) |
Zargar et al. 2019 | RCT | BD1: 49 | Maintenance phase | Manic | BDI-II YMRS | 24 | 11/13 | 32.25 (9.57) | 25 | 9/16 | 29.68 (5.12) |
Wright et al. 2020 | Single arm (Feasibility study, open) | BD1: 5 BD2: 5 NOS: 2 | – | Manic | BDI-II PHQ-9 BMRS ASRM | 12 | 3/9 | 42 (11) | - | - | - |
Wright et al. 2021 | RCT (Feasibility study, 2 sites) | BD1: 37 BD2: 6 | – | Manic, depressed | BMRS PHQ-9 HDRS | 22 | 8/14 | 43.6 (13.0) | 21 | 12/9 | 49.3 (14.5) |
Valls et al. 2021 | RCT (Parallel two-armed, rater-blind) | BD1: 41 BD2: 24 | Euthymic | – | HDRS YMRS | 28 | 16/12 | 47.61 (7.34) | 37 | 15/22 | 45.81 (9.92) |
Eisner et al. 2017 | Single arm (Open proof of concept pilot) | BD1: 37 | – | Manic, depressed, mixed | HDRS YMRS | 37 | 10/27 | 41.3 (11.2) | – | – | – |
Painter et al. 2019 | Single arm (Proof of concept open trial) | BD1: 16 | – | 2 + manic/depressed symptoms | YMRS HDRS | 16 | 8/8 | 43.19 (12.76) | – | – | – |