Table 2 Demographic characteristics for the bipolar cohort (N = 2649) by relapse status
Variables | Non-Relapsers (n = 1973) | Relapsers (n = 676) | p (two-tailed) |
|---|---|---|---|
BD diagnostic code % (n)a | 0.66 | ||
F30 | 6.0% (119) | 6.5% (44) | – |
F31 | 94.0% (1854) | 93.5% (632) | – |
Age at BD Diagnosis % (n)b | < 0.001 | ||
≤ 30 years | 17.4% (343) | 20.7% (140) | 0.16 |
31–60 years | 60.9% (1202) | 64.2% (434) | 0.32 |
≥ 61 years | 21.7% (428) | 15.1% (102) | < 0.001 |
Age at BD Diagnosis M (SD)c | 47.20 (16.53) | 44.33 (15.12) | < 0.001 |
Gender % (n)d | 0.16 | ||
Male | 38.2% (754) | 40.1% (271) | – |
Female | 61.8% (1219) | 59.8% (404) | – |
Non-binary | 0% (0) | 0.1% (1) | – |
Ethnicity % (n)e | 0.03 | ||
White | 68.1% (1328) | 65.1% (438) | 0.16 |
Black | 9.2% (180) | 10.5% (71) | 0.32 |
Asian | 18.5% (360) | 19.5% (131) | 0.55 |
Mixed | 1.8% (36) | 3.6% (24) | 0.01 |
Other | 2.4% (47) | 1.3% (9) | 0.09 |
Marital status % (n)f | < 0.001 | ||
Single | 41.7% (751) | 52.1% (332) | < 0.001 |
Married/Civil partnership | 36.7% (660) | 24.8% (158) | < 0.001 |
Divorced/Separated | 12.6% (227) | 15.2% (97) | 0.58 |
In a relationship | 2.9% (53) | 3.8% (24) | 0.91 |
Widowed | 6.0% (108) | 4.1% (26) | 0.52 |
Employment % (n)g | < 0.001 | ||
Employed (full/part time) | 16.7% (36) | 11.2% (11) | 0.79 |
Unemployed | 30.2% (65) | 59.2 (58) | < 0.001 |
Homemaker | 3.3% (7) | 1.0% (1) | 0.84 |
Retired | 41.4% (89) | 22.4% (22) | 0.04 |
Student | 3.3% (7) | 4.1% (4) | 1.00 |
Unable to work | 5.1% (11) | 2.0% (2) | 0.79 |
Family history of any mental health disorderh % (Yes) (n) | 35.4% (698) | 41.3% (279) | 0.006 |
Family history of affective disorders (Yes)h % (n) | 24.0% (473) | 25.1% (170) | 0.54 |
Comorbid diagnoses (Yes) % (n)i | 15.0% (295) | 36.7% (543) | < 0.001 |
Anxiety disorder (n = 33) | 8.5% (25) | 3.2% (8) | 0.01 |
Eating disorder (n = 8) | 1.0% (3) | 2.0% (5) | 0.34 |
Personality disorders (n = 122) | 19.3% (57) | 26.2% (65) | 0.06 |
PTSD (n = 7) | 1.4% (4) | 1.2% (3) | 0.88 |
Sleep disorder (n = 5) | 0.17% (2) | 1.2% (3) | 0.52 |
Substance misuse (n = 307) | 44.7% (132) | 70.6% (175) | < 0.001 |
Mixed anxiety/depression (n = 20) | 5.1% (15) | 2.0% (5) | 0.06 |
Trauma History (Yes) % (n)j (emotional/physical/sexual abuse) | 24.5% (483) | 40.1% (271) | < 0.001 |
History of self harm/suicidality at baselinek (Yes) % (n) | 18.0% (355) | 31.8% (215) | < 0.001 |