Association between childhood trauma, cognition, and psychosocial function in a large sample of partially or fully remitted patients with bipolar disorder and healthy participants

Miskowiak, Kamilla Woznica; Hansen, Katrine Bang; Mariegaard, Johanna; Kessing, Lars Vedel

doi:10.1186/s40345-023-00311-w

International Journal of Bipolar Disorders

Table 2 Multiple regression investigating the association between CT (CTQ total score), CT*group, cognitive function and psychosocial functioning controlling for possible confounding effects of diagnostic group, sex, age, verbal IQ and depressive symptoms

From: Association between childhood trauma, cognition, and psychosocial function in a large sample of partially or fully remitted patients with bipolar disorder and healthy participants

	B	95% CI	S.E	t	p
Global cognition
CT	− 0.00	− 0.01–0.00	0.00	− 0.88	0.38
Diagnostic group	0.32	− 0.21–− 0.86	0.27	1.19	0.24
Diagnostic group *CT	0.00	− 0.02–0.02	0.01	0.28	0.78
Age	− 0.03	− 0.04–− 0.03	0.00	− 11.85	> 0.001**
Verbal IQ	0.04	0.03–0.05	0.01	8.63	> 0.001**
HDRS	− 0.01	− 0.02–0.01	0.01	− 1.10	0.27
Attention
CT	0.00	− 0.01–0.01	0.00	− 0.06	0.95
Diagnostic group	0.68	0.01–1.34	0.34	2.00	0.046*
Diagnostic group*CT	− 0.01	− 0.03–0.01	0.01	− 0.77	0.44
Sex	0.22	0.09–0.35	0.07	3.27	0.001*
Age	− 0.03	− 0.03–− 0.02	0.00	− 8.33	< 0.001**
Verbal IQ	0.04	0.03–0.05	0.01	6.32	< 0.001**
HDRS	− 0.01	− 0.03–0.01	0.01	− 1.12	0.26
Psychomotor speed
CT	− 0.01	− 0.01–0.00	0.00	− 1.19	0.23
Diagnostic group	1.09	0.21–1.97	0.45	2.44	0.015*
Diagnostic group*CT	− 0.02	− 0.05–0.01	0.01	− 1.44	0.15
Sex	− 0.23	− 0.40–− 0.06	0.09	− 2.59	0.01*
Age	− 0.03	− 0.04–− 0.02	0.00	− 7.03	< 0.001**
Verbal IQ	0.03	0.02–0.05	0.01	4.16	< 0.001**
HDRS	− 0.02	− 0.04–0.01	0.01	− 1.43	0.15
Working memory
CT	− 0.01	− 0.01–− 0.00	0.00	− 1.97	0.050*
Diagnostic group	− 0.11	− 0.83–0.61	0.37	− 0.31	0.76
Diagnostic group *CT	0.02	− 0.01–0.04	0.01	1.53	0.13
Sex	0.36	0.22–0.50	0.07	4.95	< 0.001**
Age	− 0.04	− 0.04–− 0.03	0.00	− 10.17	< 0.001**
Verbal IQ	0.04	0.03–0.05	0.01	6.52	< 0.001**
HDRS	− 0.00	− 0.02–0.02	0.01	− 0.32	0.75
Verbal fluency and executive function
CT	0.00	− 0.00–0.01	0.00	0.69	0.49
Diagnostic group	0.27	− 0.40–0.94	0.34	0.79	0.43
Diagnostic group *CT	0.00	− 0.02–0.02	0.01	0.20	0.84
Age	− 0.02	− 0.03–− 0.02	0.00	− 7.26	< 0.001**
Verbal IQ	0.06	0.05–0.07	0.01	9.74	< 0.001**
HDRS	− 0.01	− 0.03–0.01	0.01	− 0.77	0.44
Psychosocial functioning (FAST Total score)
CT	0.12	0.05–0.20	0.04	3.07	0.002*
Diagnostic group	− 10.65	− 17.43–− 3.87	3.45	− 3.09	0.002*
Diagnostic group*CT	− 0.11	− 0.31–0.10	0.10	− 1.04	0.30
Sex	− 3.82	− 5.59–− 2.06	0.90	− 4.25	< 0.001**
Age	0.17	0.09–0.25	0.04	4.20	< 0.001**
HDRS	0.73	0.47–0.98	0.13	5.62	< 0.001**

CI Confidence interval, CTQ Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, FAST Functioning Short Assessment Test, HDRS Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, IQ Intelligence Quotient, S.E. Standard error
^*p ≤ 0.05, **p < 0.01

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