Table 1 Baseline socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the study sample
Parameters | Healthy controls (N:31) | Bipolar disorder (N:12) | Unipolar disorder (N:14) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years (mean ± SD) | 41.1 ± 12.6 | 38.3 ± 14.5 | 50.2 ± 13.8 | 0.390 |
Sex, n (%) | ||||
Male | 17 (54.8) | 6 (50.0) | 4 (28.6) | 0.258 |
Female | 14 (45.2) | 6 (50.0) | 10 (71.4) | |
Other medical conditions, n (%) | ||||
Yes | 3 (10.0) | 3 (25.0) | 6 (42.9) | 0.054 |
No | 27 (90.0) | 9 (75.0) | 8 (57.1) | |
Blood glucose levels, mg/dl (mean ± SD) | 84.6 ± 7.6 | 84.4 ± 8.7 | 86.0 ± 12.0 | 0.871 |
Age at onset, years (mean ± SD) | – | 22.9 ± 8.4 | 40.7 ± 15.6 | – |
Duration of illness, years (mean ± SD) | – | 12.1 ± 12.3 | 9.5 ± 11.1 | 0.576 |
Type of BD, n (%) | ||||
BD Type I | – | 5 (41.7) | – | – |
BD Type II | – | 7 (58.3) | – | |
Affective state, n (%) | ||||
Depressed | – | 7 (58.3) | 14 (100) | – |
Euthymic | – | 2 (16.7) | – | |
Hypo/manic | – | 3 (25.0) | – | – |
Psychiatric comorbidity, n (%) | ||||
Yes | – | 7 (58.3) | 3 (21.4) | – |
No | – | 5 (41.7) | 11 (78.6) | – |
HAM-D score, (mean ± SD) | 2.39 ± 1.2 | 12.8 ± 7.9 | 18.7 ± 7.4 | < 0.001 |
HAM-A score, (mean ± SD) | 2.00 ± 1.1 | 9.9 ± 5.3 | 12.6 ± 5.9 | < 0.001 |
YMRS score, (mean ± SD) | 0.06 ± 0.3 | 9.6 ± 11.4 | 2.0 ± 1.6 | < 0.001 |
CGI-S score, (mean ± SD) | 1 ± 0.0 | 4.3 ± 2.0 | 4.0 ± 1.0 | < 0.001 |