Table 1 Background characteristics of the included mother-infant dyads
High exposure groupa | Low exposure groupb | All infants | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | |
Maternal characteristics | ||||||
Maternal age | 7 | 33.1 (6.5) | 18 | 32.9 (5.7) | 25 | 33.0 (5.8) |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 7 | 25.1 (4.7) | 16 | 24.5 (3.6) | 23 | 24.7 (3.9) |
N | n (%) | N | n (%) | N | n(%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal diagnosis | ||||||
Bipolar disorder 1 | 7 | 1 (14.3) | 18 | 11 (61.1) | 25 | 12 (48.0) |
Bipolar disorder 2 | 7 | 3 (42.9) | 18 | 5 (27.8) | 25 | 8 (32.0) |
Bipolar disorder unspecified | 7 | 2 (28.6) | 18 | 0 (0.0) | 25 | 2 (8.0) |
Other psychiatric diagnoses | 7 | 1 (14.3) | 18 | 2 (11.1) | 25 | 3 (12.0) |
Other psychotropic medications | 7 | 5 (71.4) | 16 | 11 (68.8) | 23 | 16 (69.6) |
Antidepressants | 7 | 3 (42.9) | 16 | 2 (12.5) | 23 | 5 (21.7) |
Antipsychotics | 7 | 1 (14.3) | 16 | 3 (18.8) | 23 | 4 (17.4) |
Anxiolytics and sedativesd | 7 | 3 (42.9) | 16 | 7 (43.8) | 23 | 10 (43.5) |
Psychostimulants | 7 | 1 (14.3) | 16 | 3 (18.8) | 23 | 4 (17.4) |
Living with the father of the child | 7 | 7 (100.0) | 16 | 13 (81.3) | 23 | 20 (87.0) |
Employment | ||||||
Full-time | 7 | 1 (14.3) | 16 | 6 (37.5) | 23 | 7 (30.4) |
Part-time | 7 | 2 (28.6) | 16 | 6 (37.5) | 23 | 8 (34.8) |
Not working or unemployed | 7 | 4 (57.1) | 16 | 4 (25.0) | 23 | 8 (34.8) |
Tobacco use 3 months pre pregnancy | ||||||
No smoking | 6 | 3 (50.0) | 16 | 11 (68.8) | 22 | 17 (77.3) |
1–9 cigarettes/day | 6 | 1 (16.7) | 16 | 2 (12.5) | 22 | 3 (13.6) |
> 10 cigarettes/day | 6 | 1 (16.7) | 16 | 3 (18.8) | 22 | 4 (18.2) |
Snuff | 6 | 1 (16.7) | 16 | 0 (0.0) | 22 | 1 (4.5) |
Alcohol use 3 months pre pregnancy | ||||||
Never | 6 | 3 (50.0) | 15 | 6 (40.0) | 21 | 9 (42.9) |
≤ 1 time/week | 6 | 3 (50.0) | 15 | 6 (40.0) | 21 | 9 (42.9) |
> 1 time/week | 6 | 0 (0.0) | 15 | 3 (20.0) | 21 | 3 (14.3) |
Alcohol use in first trimester | ||||||
Never | 7 | 7 (100.0) | 16 | 16 (100.0) | 23 | 23 (100.0) |
Pregnancy and infant characteristics | ||||||
Delivery mode | ||||||
Vaginal delivery | 6 | 3 (50.0) | 18 | 15 (83.3) | 24 | 18 (75.0) |
Instrumental delivery | 6 | 1 (16.7) | 18 | 3 (16.7) | 24 | 4 (16.7) |
Caesarean section, elective | 6 | 1 (16.7) | 18 | 0 (0.0) | 24 | 1 (4.2) |
Caesarean section, emergency | 6 | 1 (16.7) | 18 | 0 (0.0) | 24 | 1 (4.2) |
Pregnancy complicationse | 7 | 2 (28.7) | 18 | 2 (11.2) | 25 | 4 (16.0) |
Infant sex | ||||||
Female | 7 | 3 (42.9) | 18 | 15 (83.3) | 25 | 18 (72.0) |