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International Journal of Bipolar Disorders
Fig. 2 | International Journal of Bipolar Disorders

Fig. 2

From: Correlations between multimodal neuroimaging and peripheral inflammation in different subtypes and mood states of bipolar disorder: a systematic review

Fig. 2

Schematic representation of peripheral inflammation–brain interactions in BD patients. Several inflammatory-related factors can penetrate the blood‒brain barrier and trigger neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects, causing alterations in brain function, the connectome, morphology, microstructure, and metabolism. The PFC, anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, striatum, and hippocampus are the most vulnerable regions in BD patients, and the neural circuits formed by these areas are essential for emotional processing

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