Table 4 Description of enrolled BD patients with and without comorbid cPTSD, classified based on ITQ score, and results from the statistical comparisons between groups using t-test or chi-square as appropriate

Age, M (± SD)

48.7

± 13.48

44.65

± 14.21

0.008

Age at onset, M (± SD)

27.0

± 10.29

24.15

± 7.93

0.004

duration of untreated illness, M (± SD)

7.03

± 10.98

4.36

± 9.25

.015

number of depressive episodes, M (± SD)

5.71

± 6.84

5.94

± 4.56

0.71

number of manic episodes, M (± SD)

3.94

± 5.60

4.12

± 3.12

0.71

number of hypomanic episodes, M (± SD)

2.50

± 2.12

2.84

± 3.27

0.27

numbers of total affective episodes, M (± SD)

10.45

± 10.85

12.56

± 8.40

0.043

Alda Scale, M (± SD)

5.07

± 2.83

4.07

2.40

< 0.001

Female, N (yes%)

108

56.8%

69

44.8%

0.026

Graduation, N (yes%)

127

66.8%

119

77.3%

0.033

Marital status, N (yes%)

93

48.9%

93

60.4%

0.034

Employed, N (yes%)

96

50.5%

75

48.7%

0.74

Diagnosis of bipolar disorder I, N (yes%)

115

60.5%

138

89.6%

< 0.001

Diagnosis of bipolar disorder II, N (yes%)

75

39.5%

16

19.4%

< 0.001

Family history of psychiatric disorder, N (yes%)

91

47.9%

99

64.3%

0.002

Seasonality, N (yes%)

78

41.9%

93

60.8%

< 0.001

Aggressive behaviors, N (yes%)

83

43.7%

111

72.1%

< 0.001

Mixed features, N (yes%)

71

37.4%

122

79.2%

< 0.001

Lifetime abuse, N (yes%)

45

23.7%

79

51.3%

< 0.001

Psychotic symptoms, N (yes%)

14

7.5%

130

84.4%

< 0.001

Antidepressant mania, N (yes%)

20

10.5%

65

42.2%

< 0.001

Suicide attempts, N (yes%)

28

14.7%

110

71.4%

< 0.001