Aaltonen K, Naatanen P, Heikkinen M, Koivisto M, Baryshnikov I, Karpov B, et al. Differences and similarities of risk factors for suicidal ideation and attempts among patients with depressive or bipolar disorders. J Affect Disord. 2016;193:318–30.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Akiskal HS, Kilzieh N, Maser JD, Clayton PJ, Schettler PJ, Traci Shea M, et al. The distinct temperament profiles of bipolar I, bipolar II and unipolar patients. J Affect Disord. 2006;92(1):19–33.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Araujo JMG, Passos MBD, Molina ML, da Silva RA, Souza LDM. Personality traits in the differentiation of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder during a depressive episode. Psychiatry Res. 2016;236:75–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ashton MC, Lee K. The HEXACO model of personality structure and the importance of the H factor. Soc Pers Psychol Compass. 2008;2(5):1952–62.
Article
Google Scholar
Baethge C, Smolka MN, Gruschka P, Berghofer A, Schlattmann P, Bauer M, et al. Does prophylaxis-delay in bipolar disorder influence outcome? Results from a long-term study of 147 patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2003;107(4):260–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bauer MS, Altshuler L, Evans DR, Beresford T, Williford WO, Hauger R, et al. Prevalence and distinct correlates of anxiety, substance, and combined comorbidity in a multi-site public sector sample with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord. 2005;85(3):301–15.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bonnin CM, Sanchez-Moreno J, Martinez-Aran A, Sole B, Reinares M, Rosa AR, et al. Subthreshold symptoms in bipolar disorder: impact on neurocognition, quality of life and disability. J Affect Disord. 2012;136(3):650–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Borkenau P, Ostendorf F. NEO-Fünf-Faktoren Inventar (NEO-FFI) nach Costa und McCrae. Göttingen: Hogrefe; 2008.
Google Scholar
Bukh JD, Andersen PK, Kessing LV. Personality and the long-term outcome of first-episode depression: a prospective 5-year follow-up study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2016;77(6):e704–10.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cohen J, Cohen P, West SG, Aiken LS. Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Mahwah: Erlbaum; 2003.
Google Scholar
Conus P, Macneil C, McGorry PD. Public health significance of bipolar disorder: implications for early intervention and prevention. Bipolar Disord. 2014;16(5):548–56.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Coppen A, Montgomery SA, Gupta RK, Bailey JE. A double-blind comparison of lithium carbonate and maprotiline in the prophylaxis of the affective disorders. Br J Psychiatry. 1976;128:479–85.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Costa PT, McCrae RR. Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: the NEO Personality Inventory. Psychol Assess. 1992;4(1):5–13.
Article
Google Scholar
Coulston CM, Bargh DM, Tanious M, Cashman EL, Tufrey K, Curran G, et al. Is coping well a matter of personality? A study of euthymic unipolar and bipolar patients. J Affect Disord. 2013;145(1):54–61.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Geiser C. Data analysis with Mplus. New York: Guilford Press; 2012.
Google Scholar
Hamilton M. Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness. Br J Soc Clin Psychol. 1967;6(4):278–96.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Khan AA, Jacobson KC, Gardner CO, Prescott CA, Kendler KS. Personality and comorbidity of common psychiatric disorders. Br J Psychiatry. 2005;186(3):190–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kim B, Lim JH, Kim SY, Joo YH. Comparative study of personality traits in patients with bipolar I and II disorder from the five-factor model perspective. Psychiatry Investig. 2012;9(4):347–53.
Article
CAS
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Klein DN, Durbin CE, Shankman SA. Personality and mood disorders. In: Gotlib IH, Hammen CL, editors. Handbook of depression. 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press; 2009. p. 93–112.
Google Scholar
Koszewska I, Rybakowski JK. High neuroticism (measured by NEO-FFI) in bipolar disorder is associated with mixed state but not with rapid cycling. Arch Psychiatry Psychother. 2008;4:21–5.
Google Scholar
Kushner SC, Quilty LC, Uliaszek AA, McBride C, Bagby RM. Therapeutic alliance mediates the association between personality and treatment outcome in patients with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord. 2016;201:137–44.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Leboyer M, Henry C, Paillere-Martinot ML, Bellivier F. Age at onset in bipolar affective disorders: a review. Bipolar Disord. 2005;7(2):111–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Little RJA. A test of missing completely at random for multivariate data with missing values. J Am Stat Assoc. 1988;83(404):1198–202.
Article
Google Scholar
Lozano BE, Johnson SL. Can personality traits predict increases in manic and depressive symptoms? J Affect Disord. 2001;63(1–3):103–11.
Article
CAS
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Malouff JM, Thorsteinsson EB, Schutte NS. The relationship between the five-factor model of personality and symptoms of clinical disorders: a meta-analysis. J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 2005;27(2):101–14.
Article
Google Scholar
McCrae RR, John OP. An introduction to the five-factor model and its applications. J Pers. 1992;60(2):175–215.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
McElroy SL, Altshuler LL, Suppes T, Keck PE Jr, Frye MA, Denicoff KD, et al. Axis I psychiatric comorbidity and its relationship to historical illness variables in 288 patients with bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158(3):420–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Middeldorp CM, de Moor MH, McGrath LM, Gordon SD, Blackwood DH, Costa PT, et al. The genetic association between personality and major depression or bipolar disorder. A polygenic score analysis using genome-wide association data. Transl Psychiatry. 2011;1:e50.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Miller TR. The psychotherapeutic utility of the five-factor model of personality: a clinician’s experience. J Pers Assess. 1991;57(3):415–33.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Muthén LK, Muthén BO. Mplus user’s guide, 7th edn. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén; 2015. p. 1998–2015.
Nowakowska C, Strong CM, Santosa CM, Wang PW, Ketter TA. Temperamental commonalities and differences in euthymic mood disorder patients, creative controls, and healthy controls. J Affect Disord. 2005;85(1–2):207–15.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nylund KL, Asparouhov T, Muthén BO. Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling: a Monte Carlo simulation study. Struct Equ Modeling. 2007;14(4):535–69.
Article
Google Scholar
Ogrodniczuk JS, Piper WE, Joyce AS, McCallum M, Rosie JS. NEO-five factor personality traits as predictors of response to two forms of group psychotherapy. Int J Group Psychother. 2003;53(4):417–42.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ormel J, Oldehinkel AJ, Vollebergh W. Vulnerability before, during, and after a major depressive episode: a 3-wave population-based study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004;61(10):990–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rosellini AJ, Brown TA. The NEO Five-Factor Inventory: latent structure and relationships with dimensions of anxiety and depressive disorders in a large clinical sample. Assessment. 2011;18(1):27–38.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rote J, Dingelstadt A-M-L, Aigner A, Bauer M, Fiebig J, König B, et al. Impulsivity predicts illness severity in long-term course of bipolar disorder: a prospective approach. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2018;52(9):876–86.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sachs GS, Peters AT, Sylvia L, Grunze H. Polypharmacy and bipolar disorder: what’s personality got to do with it? Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2014;17(7):1053–61.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sauer H, Richter P, Czernik A, Ludwig-Mayerhofer W, Schöchlin C, Greil W, et al. Personality differences between patients with major depression and bipolar disorder—the impact of minor symptoms on self-ratings of personality1From the MAP-Study: “A randomized, prospective, multicenter study of long-term treatment of affective and schizoaffective psychoses”, supported by the BMFT (Ministry of Research and Technology of the FRG; grant no. 0701605); Project coordinator: W. Greil, Munich. J Affect Disord. 1997;42(2–3):169–77.
Saunders KEA, Goodwin GM. The course of bipolar disorder. Adv Psychiatr Treat. 2018;16(5):318–28.
Article
Google Scholar
Saunders EF, Novick DM, Fernandez-Mendoza J, Kamali M, Ryan KA, Langenecker SA, et al. Sleep quality during euthymia in bipolar disorder: the role of clinical features, personality traits, and stressful life events. Int J Bipolar Disord. 2013;1(1):16.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schafer JL, Graham JW. Missing data: our view of the state of the art. Psychol Methods. 2002;7(2):147–77.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sparding T, Palsson E, Joas E, Hansen S, Landen M. Personality traits in bipolar disorder and influence on outcome. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17(1):159.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Spinhoven P, de Rooij M, Heiser W, Smit JH, Penninx BW. The role of personality in comorbidity among anxiety and depressive disorders in primary care and specialty care: a cross-sectional analysis. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2009;31(5):470–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stevens JP. Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences, 5th ed. New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group; 2009. xii, p. 651.
Treuer T, Tohen M. Predicting the course and outcome of bipolar disorder: a review. Eur Psychiatry. 2010;25(6):328–33.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wardenaar KJ, Conradi HJ, Bos EH, de Jonge P. Personality modulates the efficacy of treatment in patients with major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2014;75(9):e916–23.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Whittington JE, Huppert FA. Neuroticism, psychiatric symptoms and life events. Personality Individ Differ. 1998;24(1):97–107.
Article
Google Scholar
Wittchen H-U, Zaudig M, Fydrich T. SKID. Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview für DSM-IV. Achse I und Achse II. Handanweisung. Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe; 1997.
Young RC, Biggs JT, Ziegler VE, Meyer DA. A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity. Br J Psychiatry. 1978;133:429–35.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar